What Are Suspensions In Music

Decoding Suspensions in Music: A Comprehensive Guide

Suspensions in music. The term might sound intimidating, conjuring images of complex musical theory and frustratingly difficult compositions. But the truth is, suspensions are a powerful and surprisingly common compositional technique that adds depth, drama, and emotional impact to music across genres. This comprehensive guide will unravel the mystery behind suspensions, explaining their mechanics, their effects, and how they're used to create compelling musical experiences. We'll cover everything from the basics to more advanced applications, making this a valuable resource for both beginners and seasoned musicians.

Understanding the Basics: What is a Suspension?

At its core, a suspension is a dissonance—a clash of notes that sounds unstable—that is resolved to a consonance. Think of it as a musical cliffhanger: you hear a discordant note, creating a sense of tension, and then the tension is released as the note resolves to a stable harmony. This process of building and releasing tension is what gives suspensions their dramatic effect.

The key to understanding suspensions lies in their relationship to the underlying harmony. A suspension typically involves a note that is held over (or "suspended") from a previous chord, creating a dissonance with the new chord. This "suspended" note then resolves, usually downwards by step, to create a stable consonance.

The Anatomy of a Suspension: Key Components

Let's break down the key elements of a suspension:

• The Suspended Note: This is the note that creates the dissonance. It's often a note that was part of the previous chord.

• The Dissonance: The clash between the suspended note and the new chord. The degree of dissonance depends on the interval between the suspended note and the bass note of the new chord.

• The Resolution: The movement of the suspended note downwards, typically by step, resolving the dissonance and creating a stable harmony.

• The Preparation: While not always explicitly stated, the suspended note is often prepared in the previous chord, making its presence less jarring.

Types of Suspensions: A Closer Look

Suspensions are categorized by the interval between the suspended note and the note it resolves to:

• 9-8 Suspension: This is the most common type of suspension. The suspended note is a ninth above the bass note of the new chord, resolving down a step to an eighth. For example, a G9 resolving to a G8 over a G major chord.

• 7-6 Suspension: Similar to the 9-8 suspension, but the suspended note is a seventh, resolving to a sixth. This often occurs in minor keys.

• 4-3 Suspension: Less common than 9-8 and 7-6 suspensions, this involves a suspended fourth resolving to a third.

Analyzing Suspensions: Examples and Practical Applications

Let's analyze a few examples to solidify our understanding:

Example 1: 9-8 Suspension in C Major

Imagine a simple C major chord progression: C – G – Am – F. Let's add a 9-8 suspension to the G major chord.

• Before the Suspension: We have a C major chord.

• The Suspension: The G major chord is introduced, but the D (9th) from the previous C major chord is held over. This creates a dissonance.

• The Resolution: The D resolves down to a C (8th), creating the G major chord. The tension is released.

Example 2: 7-6 Suspension in A Minor

Consider an A minor progression. Let's introduce a 7-6 suspension to the dominant chord.

• Before the Suspension: We're moving to the V chord, E7.

• The Suspension: The G (7th) is held over from the previous chord, creating a dissonance with the E7.

• The Resolution: The G resolves down to F (6th), creating the stable E7 chord.

Example 3: Suspensions in Different Contexts

Suspensions are not limited to simple chord progressions. They're used extensively in:

• Classical Music: Composers like Bach and Mozart frequently employed suspensions to create dramatic effects and emotional depth.

• Jazz: Jazz musicians use suspensions extensively to create sophisticated harmonies and improvisational possibilities.

• Pop and Rock: Subtle suspensions often appear in pop and rock songs to add harmonic interest without being overly obvious.

The Psychological Effect of Suspensions: Why They Work

The effectiveness of suspensions hinges on our innate perception of musical tension and release. The dissonance created by the suspended note triggers a natural expectation of resolution, creating a sense of anticipation. When the note resolves, this expectation is fulfilled, producing a satisfying sense of closure. This interplay between tension and release is what makes suspensions so powerful.

Advanced Techniques and Variations: Exploring Nuances

While basic suspensions involve a single note, more complex variations exist:

• Double Suspensions: Involving two simultaneously suspended notes, resulting in a richer and more complex dissonance.

• Delayed Resolutions: Resolving the suspended note after a delay, intensifying the tension.

• Inversions: Suspensions can occur in different inversions of chords, leading to variations in the perceived dissonance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Are suspensions always dissonant?

A: While suspensions usually create a degree of dissonance, the specific amount of dissonance depends on the context and the instruments used. Sometimes, a suspension can sound subtly dissonant or even consonant depending on the voicing and surrounding harmony.

Q: How do I identify suspensions in a musical score?

A: Look for notes that are held over from a previous chord and resolve downwards by step into a subsequent chord. The notation might explicitly indicate the suspension with a small number above or below the note.

Q: Can I use suspensions in my own compositions?

A: Absolutely! Suspensions are a versatile tool available to any composer. Start by experimenting with simple 9-8 suspensions in familiar chord progressions. As you gain experience, you can explore more advanced techniques.

Q: Are suspensions only used in Western music?

A: While suspensions are commonly associated with Western music theory, similar techniques of creating and resolving dissonance can be found in musical traditions around the world.

Conclusion: Mastering the Art of Suspension

Suspensions are far more than just a theoretical concept; they are a vital tool for creating engaging and emotionally resonant music. Understanding the mechanics of suspensions, their various types, and their effects allows you to appreciate the depth and complexity of musical composition. By experimenting and practicing, you can effectively incorporate suspensions into your own musical creations, adding layers of nuance and sophistication to your work. Whether you're a beginner exploring the fundamentals or a seasoned musician seeking to refine your technique, the mastery of suspensions will undoubtedly enrich your musical journey. So, delve into the world of suspensions and unleash the power of musical tension and release in your compositions.